Optical Coherence Tomography of the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear: A Review
Corresponding Author
Hsern Ern Ivan Tan MBBS
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
Corresponding Author: Hsern Ern Ivan Tan, MBBS, Ear Science Institute Australia, QE II Medical Centre, Level 3, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPeter Luke Santa Maria MBBS, PhD
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPhilip Wijesinghe PhD
BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Electrical Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBrendan Francis Kennedy PhD
BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Electrical Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBenjamin James Allardyce PhD
Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Henry Eikelboom PhD
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorMarcus David Atlas MBBS
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRodney James Dilley PhD
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hsern Ern Ivan Tan MBBS
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
Corresponding Author: Hsern Ern Ivan Tan, MBBS, Ear Science Institute Australia, QE II Medical Centre, Level 3, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorPeter Luke Santa Maria MBBS, PhD
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPhilip Wijesinghe PhD
BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Electrical Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBrendan Francis Kennedy PhD
BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Electrical Electronic, and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBenjamin James Allardyce PhD
Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Henry Eikelboom PhD
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorMarcus David Atlas MBBS
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRodney James Dilley PhD
Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
Ear Sciences Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.
This work was presented at the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 41st Annual MidWinter Meeting; February 2018; San Diego, California.
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear (ME) imaging and to identify what further development is required for the technology to be integrated into common clinical use.
Data Sources
PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Review Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed for English language articles published from January 1966 to January 2018 with the keywords “tympanic membrane or middle ear,”“optical coherence tomography,” and “imaging.”
Conclusion
Conventional imaging techniques cannot adequately resolve the microscale features of TM and ME, sometimes necessitating diagnostic exploratory surgery in challenging otologic pathology. As a high-resolution noninvasive imaging technique, OCT offers promise as a diagnostic aid for otologic conditions, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, and conductive hearing loss. Using OCT vibrometry to image the nanoscale vibrations of the TM and ME as they conduct acoustic waves may detect the location of ossicular chain dysfunction and differentiate between stapes fixation and incus-stapes discontinuity. The capacity of OCT to image depth and thickness at high resolution allows 3-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the ME and has potential use for reconstructive tympanoplasty planning and the follow-up of ossicular prostheses.
Implications for Practice
To achieve common clinical use beyond these initial discoveries, future in vivo imaging devices must feature low-cost probe or endoscopic designs and faster imaging speeds and demonstrate superior diagnostic utility to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. While such technology has been available for OCT, its translation requires focused development through a close collaboration between engineers and clinicians.
Supporting Information
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